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The term monad was adopted from Greek philosophy by modern philosophers Giordano Bruno, Anne Conway, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , John Dee (The Hieroglyphic Monad), and others. The concept of the monad as a universal substance is also used by Theosophists as a synonym for the Sanskrit term "svabhavat"; the Mahatma Letters make frequent use of ...
The monad, the word and the idea, belongs to the Western philosophical tradition and has been used by various authors. [3] Leibniz, who was exceptionally well-read, could not have ignored this, but he did not use it himself until mid-1696 when he was sending for print his New System. [4]
The term monad comes from the Greek feminine noun monas (nominative singular, μονάς), "one unit," where the ending -s in the nominative form resolves to the ending -d in declension. [ 2 ] Prominent early Christian gnostics like Valentinus taught that the Monad is the high source of the Pleroma , the region of light constituting "the ...
Monism, the concept of "one essence" in the metaphysical and theological theory; Monad (Gnosticism), the most primal aspect of God in Gnosticism; Great Monad, an older name for the taijitu symbol; Monadologia Physica, by Immanuel Kant; La Monadologie, by Gottfried Leibniz, a book about a basic unit of perceptual reality
According to Leibniz, the universe is completely made from individual substances known as monads, programmed to act in a predetermined way. [58] Russell wrote: In Leibniz's form, the argument states that the harmony of all the monads can only have arisen from a common cause.
Monism attributes oneness or singleness (Greek: μόνος) to a concept, such as to existence.Various kinds of monism can be distinguished: Priority monism states that all existing things go back to a source that is distinct from them; e.g., in Neoplatonism everything is derived from The One. [1]
The Discourse on Metaphysics (French: Discours de métaphysique, 1686) is a short treatise by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in which he develops a philosophy concerning physical substance, motion and resistance of bodies, and God's role within the universe. It is one of the few texts presenting in a consistent form the earlier philosophy of Leibniz.
Thus Leibniz conceives of substance as plural: there is a plurality of singular substances, which he calls monads. Leibniz hence creates a concept of the individual as such, and attributes to it events. There is a universal necessity, which is universally applicable, and a singular necessity, which applies to each singular substance, or event.