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Common hot work processes involve welding, soldering, cutting, brazing burning and the use of powder-actuated tools or similar fire producing operations outside of designated hot work areas. When flammable materials are not present, industrial processes such as grinding and drilling become cold work processes.
The upper limit for hot working is determined by various factors, such as: excessive oxidation, grain growth, or an undesirable phase transformation. In practice materials are usually heated to the upper limit first to keep forming forces as low as possible and to maximize the amount of time available to hot work the workpiece. [1]
A positive pressure enclosure, also known as a welding habitat or hot work habitat, is a chamber used to provide a safe working environment for performing hot work in the presence of explosive gases or vapors. They are commonly used in welding environments and are associated with the offshore oil industry. [1]
Definition [1] [3] 1: General-purpose. Protects against dust, light, and indirect splashing but is not dust-tight; primarily prevents contact with live parts; used indoors and under normal atmospheric conditions. 2: Drip-tight. Similar to Type 1 but with addition of drip shields; used where condensation may be severe (as in cooling and laundry ...
Vertical section through a commercial building using HVAC plenum instead of airspace plenum. When both the supply and return ducts are constructed in this manner, it is possible to insulate the ducts and the dropped ceiling so that the upper airspace is not heated or cooled, increasing energy efficiency.
AP—Action Point; APA—Administrative Procedure Act —Alaska Power Administration; APE—Area of potential effect (electricity) API—American Petroleum Institute (oil) APPA—American Public Power Association (electricity) APR—Actual peak reduction (e.g. in demand response systems) (electricity) AQCR—Air Quality Control Region (US ...
A permit to work form typically contains these items: [5] The work to be done, the equipment to be used and the personnel involved. Precautions to be taken when performing the task. Other workgroups to be informed of work being performed in their area. Authorisation for work to commence. Duration that the permit is valid.
A cold work steel used for gauges, cutting tools, woodworking tools and knives. It can be hardened to 66 HRC, typically used at 61-63 HRC. Also sold as 1.2842 and 90MnCrV8. [9] O6: 1.45% C, 1.0% Mn, 1.0% Si, 0.3% Mo: A cold work graphitic steel with outstanding resistance to metal-to-metal sliding wear and galling.