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These five bodies – the three under consideration in 2006 (Pluto, Ceres and Eris) plus the two named in 2008 (Haumea and Makemake) – are commonly presented as the dwarf planets of the Solar System, though the limiting factor (albedo) is not what defines an object as a dwarf planet. [59]
Eris was discovered by the team of Mike Brown, Chad Trujillo, and David Rabinowitz [2] on January 5, 2005, from images taken on October 21, 2003. [31] The discovery was announced on July 29, 2005, the same day as Makemake and two days after Haumea, [32] due in part to events that would later lead to controversy about Haumea.
Haumea (minor-planet designation: 136108 Haumea) is a dwarf planet located beyond Neptune's orbit. [25] It was discovered in 2004 by a team headed by Mike Brown of Caltech at the Palomar Observatory, and formally announced in 2005 by a team headed by José Luis Ortiz Moreno at the Sierra Nevada Observatory in Spain, who had discovered it that year in precovery images taken by the team in 2003.
Since the National Geographic competition, two additional bodies were designated as dwarf planets, Makemake and Haumea, on July 11 and September 17, 2008 respectively. A 2015 New York Times article suggested some mnemonics including, "My Very Educated Mother Cannot Just Serve Us Nine Pizzas—Hundreds May Eat!"
Eris ⯰ U+2BF0 The Hand of Eris; also used non-astrologically by Discordians [38] ⯱ U+2BF1 Based on the symbols for Pluto, Mars, and Venus; proposed by Henry Seltzer and used in Time Passages [clarification needed] [38] Haumea 🝻 U+1F77B Conflation of Hawaiian petroglyphs for woman and birth, as Haumea was the goddess of both [35] Makemake ...
a cap or planetary orb over Pluto's bident: 136108 Haumea [81] U+1F77B (dec 128891) 🝻 conflation of Hawaiian petroglyphs for woman and birth, as Haumea was the goddess of both [95] 136199 Eris [81] U+2BF0 (dec 11248) ⯰ the Hand of Eris, a traditional symbol from Discordianism (a religion worshipping the goddess Eris) [51] 136472 Makemake ...
Haumea has two natural satellites; Orcus, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, and Eris have one each. The Pluto–Charon system is unusual in that the center of mass lies in open space between the two, a characteristic sometimes associated with a double-planet system.
Ceres ⚳ Pallas ⚴ Juno ⚵ ... Pluto ♇ Moons of Pluto. Charon; Haumea. Moons of Haumea; Ring of Haumea; Makemake. Moon of Makemake; Quaoar. Moon of Quaoar; Rings ...