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The third ventricle is one of the four connected cerebral ventricles of the ventricular system within the mammalian brain. It is a slit-like cavity formed in the diencephalon between the two thalami , in the midline between the right and left lateral ventricles , and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
The medial surfaces form the upper part of the lateral wall to the third ventricle. In humans, it is only about one centimeter long – though in females, it is about 50% larger on average. [1] Sometimes, it is in two parts – and 20% of the time, it is absent. [2] In other mammals, it is larger.
For the visual system, for example, inputs from the retina are sent to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, which in turn projects to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. [32] Similarly the medial geniculate nucleus acts as a key auditory relay between the inferior colliculus of the midbrain and the primary auditory cortex .
the eye on the opposite side (the contralateral eye) sends information to layers 1, 4 and 6. This description applies to the LGN of many primates, but not all. The sequence of layers receiving information from the ipsilateral and contralateral (opposite side of the head) eyes is different in the tarsier . [ 10 ]
It lies within the periventricular zone and is not to be confused with the periventricular nucleus, which occupies a more medial position, beneath the third ventricle. The PVN is highly vascularised and is protected by the blood–brain barrier , although its neuroendocrine cells extend to sites (in the median eminence and in the posterior ...
Brain at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (view tree for regions of the brain) BrainMaps.org; BrainInfo (University of Washington) "Brain Anatomy and How the Brain Works". Johns Hopkins Medicine. 14 July 2021. "Brain Map". Queensland Health. 12 July 2022.
Mammillary body atrophy is present in several other conditions, such as colloid cysts in the third ventricle, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, heart failure, and sleep apnea. In spite of this the exact function of the mammillary bodies is still not clear.
The tuber cinereum is a convex mass of grey matter, [3]: 495 a ventral/inferior distention of the hypothalamus forming the floor of the third ventricle. [citation needed] The portion of the tuber cinerum at the base of the infundibulum (pituitary stalk) is the median eminence; [2] the infundibulum extends ventrally/inferiorly from the median eminence to become continuous with the infundibulum.