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Merton believed that it is multiple discoveries, rather than unique ones, that represent the common pattern in science. [4] Merton contrasted a "multiple" with a "singleton"—a discovery that has been made uniquely by a single scientist or group of scientists working together. [5] The distinction may blur as science becomes increasingly ...
Multiple discoveries in the history of science provide evidence for evolutionary models of science and technology, such as memetics (the study of self-replicating units of culture), evolutionary epistemology (which applies the concepts of biological evolution to study of the growth of human knowledge), and cultural selection theory (which studies sociological and cultural evolution in a ...
Convergence research aims to solve complex problems employing transdisciplinarity. [1] While academic disciplines are useful for identifying and conveying coherent bodies of knowledge , some problems require collaboration among disciplines, including both enhanced understanding of scientific phenomena as well as resolving social issues .
A science fair or engineering fair is an event hosted by a school that offers students the opportunity to experience the practices of science and engineering for themselves. In the United States, the Next Generation Science Standards makes experiencing the practices of science and engineering one of the three pillars of science education.
For example, an animal pressing a lever for food might pause for a drink of water. The matching law was first formulated by R.J. Herrnstein (1961) following an experiment with pigeons on concurrent variable interval schedules. [3] Pigeons were presented with two buttons in a Skinner box, each of which led to varying rates of food reward. The ...
The Google Science Fair was a worldwide (excluding Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, Myanmar/Burma, Syria, Zimbabwe and any other U.S. sanctioned country [1]) online science competition sponsored by Google, Lego, Virgin Galactic, National Geographic and Scientific American. [2] [3] [4] It was an annual event spanning the years 2011 through 2018.
Concurrency (computer science), the property of program, algorithm, or problem decomposition into order-independent or partially-ordered units Concurrent computing, the overlapping execution of multiple interacting computational tasks
A conjectural example of an interaction between two neutrons and a proton, the triton or hydrogen-3, which is beta unstable. An example of a stable 3-body interaction would be between two protons and one neutron, the helium-3 isotope. A three-body force is a force that does not exist in a system of two objects but appears in a three-body system ...