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Mars is a terrestrial planet, which has undergone the process of planetary differentiation. The InSight lander mission is designed to study the deep interior of Mars. [8] The mission landed on 26 November 2018. [9] and deployed a sensitive seismometer to enable 3D structure mapping of the deep interior. [10]
Topographic map of Mars showing the highland-lowland boundary marked in yellow, and the Tharsis rise outlined in red (USGS, 2014).[1]Like the Earth, the crustal properties and structure of the surface of Mars are thought to have evolved through time; in other words, as on Earth, tectonic processes have shaped the planet.
Much of the surface of Mars is covered by a thick smooth mantle that is thought to be a mixture of ice and dust. [46] This ice-rich mantle, a few yards thick, smoothes the land. But in places it displays a bumpy texture, resembling the surface of a basketball. Because there are few craters on this mantle, the mantle is relatively young.
It is thought that Earth, being hotter, transported much of the iron downwards in the 1,800 kilometres (1,118 mi) deep, 3,200 °C (5,792 °F), lava seas of the early planet, while Mars, with a lower lava temperature of 2,200 °C (3,992 °F) was too cool for this to happen.
Places on Mars that display polygonal ground may indicate where future colonists can find water ice. Patterned ground forms in a mantle layer, called latitude dependent mantle, that fell from the sky when the climate was different. [65] [66] [89] [90]
Mars may be around 140 million miles away from Earth, but the red planet is influencing our oceans, according to new research. Mars may be around 140 million miles away from Earth, but the red ...
During the ordinary course of day to day life, we tend to think of planets as being unmoving and unchanging. There are few things more dependable than the ground beneath our feet, but that’s ...
Mars is scarred by a number of impact craters: a total of 43,000 observed craters with a diameter of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) or greater have been found. [98] The largest exposed crater is Hellas, which is 2,300 kilometres (1,400 mi) wide and 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) deep, and is a light albedo feature clearly visible from Earth.