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The human body produces diverse surfactants. Pulmonary surfactant is produced in the lungs in order to facilitate breathing by increasing total lung capacity , and lung compliance . In respiratory distress syndrome or RDS, surfactant replacement therapy helps patients have normal respiration by using pharmaceutical forms of the surfactants.
The third generation of surfactants incorporates synthetic peptides or recombinant proteins. These use a mixture of different components. DPPC is the agent used to decrease surface tension, and the rest of the components help increase oxygen adsorption. The best known are Venicute and Surfaxin. [14]
It is also used along with sodium taurocholate for simulating fed- and fasted-state biorelevant media in dissolution studies of highly lipophilic drugs. Phosphatidylcholine is a major constituent of cell membranes and pulmonary surfactant , and is more commonly found in the exoplasmic or outer leaflet of a cell membrane .
Like synthetic surfactants, they are composed of a hydrophilic moiety made up of amino acids, peptides, (poly)saccharides, or sugar alcohols and a hydrophobic moiety consisting of fatty acids. Correspondingly, the significant classes of biosurfactants include glycolipids , lipopeptides and lipoproteins, and polymeric surfactants as well as ...
Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. [1] The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
Surfactin is a cyclic lipopeptide, commonly used as an antibiotic for its capacity as a surfactant. [2] It is an amphiphile capable of withstanding hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments. The Gram-positive bacterial species Bacillus subtilis produces surfactin for its antibiotic effects against competitors. [ 3 ]
Surfactant therapy is the medical administration of pulmonary surfactant that is derived from outside of the body. Pulmonary surfactant is a soap-like chemical synthesized by type II alveolar pneumocytes and is of various lipids (80% phospholipids, 5-10% cholesterol, and ∼10% surfactant-associated proteins). This biological fluid reduces ...
Polysorbate 80 is a surfactant and solubilizer used in a variety of oral and topical pharmaceutical products.. Polysorbate 80 is also an excipient that is used to stabilize aqueous formulations of medications for parenteral administration, and used as an emulsifier in the making of the antiarrhythmic amiodarone. [9]