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The Jefferson nickel has been the five-cent coin struck by the United States Mint since 1938, when it replaced the Buffalo nickel.From 1938 until 2004, the copper-nickel coin's obverse featured a profile depiction of Founding Father and third U.S. President Thomas Jefferson by artist Felix Schlag; the obverse design used in 2005 was also in profile, though by Joe Fitzgerald.
On March 27, 1942, Congress authorized a nickel made of 50% copper and 50% silver, but gave the Mint the authority to vary the proportions, or add other metals, in the public interest. The Mint's greatest concern was in finding an alloy that would use no nickel, but still satisfy counterfeit detectors in vending machines.
Indian Head, oak leaf wreath, copper nickel, 1860-1864 ... Jefferson 1938-2003 Jefferson, 35% silver, 1942-1945 ... Gold "Quarter Eagle" $2.50 coins: Photo Draped ...
All 1965-1970 and some 1976 Kennedy half dollars are minted with a 40% silver composition. War nickel is the name given to certain 1942-1945 5-cent coins ('nickels') minted with a 35% silver composition. Other countries, such as Australia, Canada, Mexico, Switzerland and the United Kingdom also minted junk silver coins in the past.
The nickel is the only coin whose size and composition (5 grams, 75% copper, and 25% nickel) is still in use from 1865 to today, except for wartime 1942–1945 Jefferson nickels which contained silver. Due to the penny's low value, some efforts have been made to eliminate the penny as circulating coinage. [45] [46]
Lamination crack on a U.S. Jefferson nickel. A lamination flaw is a planchet defect that results from metal impurities or internal stresses. Lamination flaws cause discoloration, uneven surfaces, peeling, and splitting.