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TiCl 3 is produced usually by reduction of titanium(IV) chloride.Older reduction methods used hydrogen: [4]. 2 TiCl 4 + H 2 → 2 HCl + 2 TiCl 3. It can also be produced by the reaction of titanium metal and hot, concentrated hydrochloric acid; the reaction does not proceed at room temperature, as titanium is passivated against most mineral acids by a thin surface layer of titanium dioxide.
The McMurry reaction of benzophenone. The McMurry reaction is an organic reaction in which two ketone or aldehyde groups are coupled to form an alkene using a titanium chloride compound such as titanium(III) chloride and a reducing agent. The reaction is named after its co-discoverer, John E. McMurry.
Hazards posed by titanium tetrachloride generally arise from its reaction with water that releases hydrochloric acid, which is severely corrosive itself and whose vapors are also extremely irritating. TiCl 4 is a strong Lewis acid, which exothermically forms adducts with even weak bases such as THF and water.
Titanium(III) compounds are characteristically violet, illustrated by this aqueous solution of titanium trichloride. Titanium tetrachloride (titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl 4 [ 18 ] ) is a colorless volatile liquid (commercial samples are yellowish) that, in air, hydrolyzes with spectacular emission of white clouds.
Titanium(II) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula TiCl 2. The black solid has been studied only moderately, probably because of its high reactivity. [ 2 ] Ti(II) is a strong reducing agent: it has a high affinity for oxygen and reacts irreversibly with water to produce H 2 .
Under steady state conditions the chloride process is a continuous cycle in which chlorine changes from the oxidized state to the reduced state and reverse. The oxidized form of the chlorine is molecular chlorine Cl 2, the reduced form is titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4). The oxidizing agent is molecular oxygen (O 2), the reducing agent is coke ...
Compounds of titanium in the +2 oxidation state are rarer, examples being titanocene dicarbonyl and Ti(CH 3) 2 2. [Ti(CO) 6] 2− is formally a complex of titanium in the oxidation state of −2. [4] Although Ti(III) is involved in Ziegler–Natta catalysis, the organic derivatives of Ti(III) are uncommon. One example is the dimer [Cp 2 Ti III ...
Because this reaction is highly exothermic (238 kJ/mol), the temperature is monitored, to guard against thermal degradation of the catalyst. The reaction is as follows: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 CuCl 2 → 2 CuCl + ClH 2 C-CH 2 Cl. The copper(II) chloride is regenerated by sequential reactions of the cuprous chloride with oxygen and then hydrogen chloride: