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Acute kidney injury is diagnosed on the basis of clinical history and laboratory data. A diagnosis is made when there is a rapid reduction in kidney function , as measured by serum creatinine , or based on a rapid reduction in urine output, termed oliguria (less than 0.5 mL/kg/h for at least 6 hours).
Kidney ischemia [1] is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. [2] Blood vessels shrink and undergo apoptosis which results in poor blood flow in the kidneys. More complications happen when failure of the kidney functions result in toxicity in various parts of the body which may cause septic shock, hypovolemia, and a need for surgery. [3]
In the United States, both quantities are given in mg/dL The ratio may be used to determine the cause of acute kidney injury or dehydration. The principle behind this ratio is the fact that both urea (BUN) and creatinine are freely filtered by the glomerulus ; however, urea reabsorbed by the renal tubules can be regulated (increased or ...
The fractional excretion of sodium (FE Na) is the percentage of the sodium filtered by the kidney which is excreted in the urine.It is measured in terms of plasma and urine sodium, rather than by the interpretation of urinary sodium concentration alone, as urinary sodium concentrations can vary with water reabsorption.
Azotemia (from azot 'nitrogen' and -emia 'blood condition'), also spelled azotaemia, is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing compounds (such as urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds, and other nitrogen-rich compounds) in the blood.
Hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS) is a group of blood disorders characterized by low red blood cells, acute kidney injury (previously called acute renal failure), and low platelets. [1] [3] Initial symptoms typically include bloody diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and weakness. [1] [2] Kidney problems and low platelets then occur as the diarrhea ...
Rhabdomyolysis accounts for 7–10% of all cases of acute kidney injury in the U.S. [10] [13] Crush injuries are common in major disasters, especially in earthquakes. The aftermath of the 1988 Spitak earthquake prompted the establishment, in 1995, of the Renal Disaster Relief Task Force, a working group of the International Society of ...
Both cause excessive urination (hence the similarity in name), but whereas diabetes insipidus is a problem with the production of antidiuretic hormone (neurogenic diabetes insipidus) or the kidneys' response to antidiuretic hormone (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus), diabetes mellitus causes polyuria via osmotic diuresis, due to the high blood ...