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A zoster vaccine is a vaccine that reduces the incidence of herpes zoster (shingles), a disease caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, which is also responsible for chickenpox. [8] Shingles provokes a painful rash with blisters, and can be followed by chronic pain ( postherpetic neuralgia ), as well as other complications.
2–4 weeks [2] Causes: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) [1] Risk factors: Old age, poor immune function, having had chickenpox before 18 months of age [1] Diagnostic method: Based on symptoms [3] Differential diagnosis: Herpes simplex, chest pain, insect bites, cutaneous leishmaniasis [4] Prevention: Shingles vaccine [1] Medication
[2] Shingles vaccination is the only way for adults to be protected against both shingles and postherpetic neuralgia, with the vaccine Shingrix providing 90% protection from postherpetic neuralgia. [3] The chickenpox vaccine is approved for infants to prevent chickenpox, which also protects against PHN from a herpes zoster infection. [4]
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It is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, chickenpox, and shingles. [6] Other uses include, prevention of cytomegalovirus infections following transplant, and severe complications of Epstein–Barr virus infection. [6] [7] It can be taken by mouth, applied as a cream, or injected. [6]
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Injecting local pain relievers and steroids into the injured area alleviates intercostal nerve pain. [2] In this type of nerve block, a needle inserted between two ribs releases a steroid into the area around the nerve. The exact location of injection depends on the underlying cause of the injury.