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Throughout centuries, they have endured the status of second-class citizens and were often excluded from India's varna system, a social hierarchy. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] As per the 2011 census of India , in the United State of Andhra Pradesh , the total population of Scheduled Castes is 13,878,078 individuals, comprising 6,913,047 males and 6,965,031 females.
Scheduled Castes (SCs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups. [7] [8] Scheduled Castes are given reservation status guaranteeing political representation, preference in promotion, quota in universities, free and stipended education, scholarships, banking services, various government schemes.
In the early 20th century, toddy tappers of Godavari districts were looked down upon by the upper caste people due to their occupation and low economic status. [26] [27] At the time, they were referred to as Ediga (ఈడిగ) or Eendra (ఈండ్ర) with the disparaging suffix -gadu added to the names of men. [30]
This is a list of Scheduled Castes in India. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are those considered the most socio-economic disadvantaged in India, and are officially defined in the Constitution of India in order to aid equality initiatives. The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 lists 1,109 castes across 28 states. [1]
The Scheduled Castes, as a constitutional category in India, emerged from the practice of untouchability in the caste system associated with Hinduism. Although the Constitution of India did not specify religious criteria, it was accepted by the Constituent Assembly that only adherents of Hinduism would be entitled to Scheduled Caste status.
They are categorised as a Scheduled Caste by the Government of India. [1] Adi-Andhra literally means 'the original people of Andhra'. [1] [2] The Adi-Andhra group is a composite caste that consists of about 60% of Malas and 40% of Madigas, who belong to second and third generation of educated scheduled castes.
Kapu is a Hindu caste primarily found in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Kapus are classified as a Forward caste , [ 8 ] and are a community of land-owning agriculturists. [ 17 ] Historically, they also served as military generals ( Nayakas ) and warriors in Hindu kingdoms such as the Vijayanagara Empire .
Uppara, also known as Sagara, is a Hindu caste predominantly found in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. [1] [2] [3] They are classified as an Other Backward Class. [1] [4] Traditionally, Upparas are involved as stonecutters, tank-diggers, and earth-workers.