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The Karbovanets (Ukrainian: карбованець, romanized: karbovanets', plural: карбованці, karbovantsi for 2–4, or карбованців, karbovantsiv for 5 or more), also colloquially known as kupon (купон, plural: купони, kupony) or coupon from the banknote printing, is a former unit of currency in Ukraine in three separate periods of the 20th century.
In December 1918 a temporary law about the issue of state banknotes by the UPR was adopted. According to this law: "Bank-notes must be issued in karbovanets" (Ukrainian: Карбованець). Each karbovanets contains 17.424 parts of pure gold and is divided into two hrivnas (Ukrainian: Гривня) or 200 shahs (Ukrainian: Шаг).
The karbovanets was subject to hyperinflation in the early 1990s following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. [citation needed] The karbovanets was replaced by the hryvnia in September 1996, at a rate of 1 hryvnia to 100,000 karbovanets. [5] The introduction of the hryvnia was done in a covert fashion. [6]
The 1996 Ukrainian monetary reform was carried out from 2 to 16 September 1996, and oversaw the replacement of the Ukrainian karbovanets with the new Ukrainian hryvnia in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine, adopted the same year. Karbovantsiv were exchanged for hryvnias at a rate of 100,000 to 1, with exchanges continuing freely until ...
In Ukraine's history, banknotes denominated in Ukrainian hryvnias (Ukrainian: гривня; ISO 4217 code: UAH, symbol: ₴) have been issued during two periods.The first of them took place in 1918 and 1919, when the Central Council of Ukraine decided to transition to hryvnia from karbovanets, another currency that circulated in various periods of the country's history.
As Russian forces make slow progress in eastern Ukraine, Ukraine's military stages a surprise cross-border attack.
Two centuries later Guillaume le Vasseur, sieur de Beauplan became one of the more prominent cartographers working with Ukrainian data. His 1639 descriptive map of the region was the first such one produced, and after he published a pair of Ukraine maps of different scale in 1660, his drawings were republished [by whom?] throughout much of Europe. [2]
Google has updated it's aerial maps of Ukraine for the first time since the start of Russia's attack - with images now revealing the full scale of devastation. The contrast is stark in Mariupol ...