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The osmol gap is typically calculated with the following formula (all values in mmol/L): = = ([+] + [] + []) In non-SI laboratory units: Calculated osmolality = 2 x [Na mmol/L] + [glucose mg/dL] / 18 + [BUN mg/dL] / 2.8 + [ethanol/3.7] [3] (note: the values 18 and 2.8 convert mg/dL into mmol/L; the molecular weight of ethanol is 46, but empiric data shows that it does not act as an ideal ...
Calculated osmolarity = 2 Na + Glucose + Urea (all in mmol/L) As Na+ is the major extracellular cation, the sum of osmolarity of all other anions can be assumed to be equal to natremia, hence [Na+]x2 ≈ [Na+] + [anions] To calculate plasma osmolality use the following equation (typical in the US): = 2[Na +
Sodium (mmol/L) Creatinine (mg/dL) For ease of recall, one can just remember the fractional excretion of sodium is the clearance of sodium divided by the glomerular filtration rate (i.e. the "fraction" excreted).
BUN is an indication of kidney health. The normal range is 2.1–7.1 mmol/L or 6–20 mg/dL. [1]The main causes of an increase in BUN are: high-protein diet, decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (suggestive of kidney failure), decrease in blood volume (hypovolemia), congestive heart failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, [5] fever, rapid cell destruction from infections, athletic ...
˙ is the mass generation rate of the substance - assumed to be a constant, i.e. not a function of time (equal to zero for exogenous (foreign) substances/drugs) [mmol/min] or [mol/s] t is dialysis time or time since injection of the substance/drug [min] or [s] V is the volume of distribution or total body water [L] or [m 3]
Glucose in Molar Units mmol/L Glucose in mass units mg/dL IR is insulin resistance and %β is the β-cell function (more precisely, an index for glucose tolerance, i.e. a measure for the ability to counteract the glucose load).
mg/dL Full blood glucose (fasting) 3.3 [5] 5.6 [5] mmol/L 60 [177] 100 [177] mg/dL Random glucose: 3.9 [178] 7.8 [178] mmol/L 70 [179] 140 [179] mg/dL Lactate (Venous) 4.5 [23] 19.8 [23] mg/dL: 0.5 [180] 2.2 [180] mmol/L: Lactate (Arterial) 4.5 [23] 14.4 [23] mg/dL: 0.5 [180] 1.6 [180] mmol/L: Pyruvate: 300 [23] 900 [23] μg/dL: 34 [181] 102 ...
This formula expects weight to be measured in kilograms and creatinine to be measured in mg/dL, as is standard in the US. The resulting value is multiplied by a constant of 0.85 if the patient is female. This formula is useful because the calculations are simple and can often be performed without the aid of a calculator.