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Mannitol is commonly used in the circuit prime of a heart lung machine during cardiopulmonary bypass. The presence of mannitol preserves renal function during the times of low blood flow and pressure, while the patient is on bypass.
Such agents can be used to reduce intracranial pressure and to promote prompt removal of renal toxins. The prototypical osmotic diuretic is mannitol. [5] Mannitol lowers the intra cranial pressure through two effects in the brain. The first, rheological effect, reduces blood viscosity, and promotes plasma expansion and cerebral oxygen delivery.
Glucose, like mannitol, is a sugar that can behave as an osmotic diuretic. Unlike mannitol, glucose is commonly found in the blood. However, in certain conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, the concentration of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) exceeds the maximum reabsorption capacity of the kidney. When this happens, glucose remains in ...
The root of both "mannose" and "mannitol" is manna, which the Bible describes as the food supplied to the Israelites during their journey in the region of Sinai.Several trees and shrubs can produce a substance called manna, such as the "manna tree" (Fraxinus ornus) from whose secretions mannitol was originally isolated.
Hypertonic saline may be preferable to mannitol in persons with hypovolemia or hyponatremia. [44] Mannitol is an alcohol derivative of simple sugar mannose, and is historically the most commonly used osmotic diuretic. [3] Mannitol acts as an inert solute in the blood, decreasing ICP through osmosis as discussed above. [44]
Mannitol salt agar or MSA is a commonly used selective and differential growth medium in microbiology. It encourages the growth of a group of certain bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others. [ 1 ]
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In enzymology, a mannitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.255) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-mannitol + NAD + ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-mannose + NADH + H + Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-mannitol and NAD + , whereas its 3 products are D-mannose , NADH , and H + .