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the collector (or membrane), used as a shear panel to carry in-plane shear; The drag strut member, used to transfer the load to the shear walls or frames; the chord, used to resist the tension and compression forces that develop in the diaphragm since the collector is usually incapable of handling these loads alone
A typical timber shear wall consists of braced panels in the wall line, constructed using structural plywood sheathing, specific nailing at the edges, and supporting framing. A shear wall is an element of a structurally engineered system that is designed to resist in- plane lateral forces, typically wind and seismic loads.
The drag forces are responsible for driving particles along the flow streamlines, whereas the inertial forces are responsible for the lateral migration of particles across the flow streamlines. The parabolic nature of the laminar velocity profile in Poiseuille flow produces a shear-induced inertial lift force that drives particles towards the ...
Also hazardous is the damage that may occur between the walls and roof or floor diaphragms. Separation between the framing and the walls can jeopardize the vertical support of roof and floor systems. Soft story collapse due to inadequate shear strength at ground level, Loma Prieta earthquake. Soft story effect. Absence of adequate stiffness on ...
Skin friction drag is a type of aerodynamic or hydrodynamic drag, which is resistant force exerted on an object moving in a fluid.Skin friction drag is caused by the viscosity of fluids and is developed from laminar drag to turbulent drag as a fluid moves on the surface of an object.
To resist horizontal shear stress from either drag or engine thrust, the wing must also form a stiff cantilever in the horizontal plane. A single-spar design will usually be fitted with a second smaller drag-spar nearer the trailing edge, braced to the main spar via additional internal members or a stressed skin. The wing must also resist ...
The low pressure in the wake region causes form drag, and this can be larger than the friction drag due to the viscous shear stress at the wall. [14] Evidence that Prandtl's scenario occurs for bluff bodies in flows of high Reynolds numbers can be seen in impulsively started flows around a cylinder.
Drag coefficients in fluids with Reynolds number approximately 10 4 [1] [2] Shapes are depicted with the same projected frontal area. In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water.