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  2. Molecular biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology

    Molecular biology is the study of the molecular underpinnings of the biological phenomena, focusing on molecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms and interactions. Biochemistry is the study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living organisms .

  3. Molecular cloning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloning

    Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine. [2]

  4. Biochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry

    Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the biological phenomena, focusing on molecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms and interactions. The central dogma of molecular biology , where genetic material is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein , despite being oversimplified, still provides a good starting ...

  5. Sequence analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_analysis

    Sequence analysis in molecular biology includes a very wide range of processes: The comparison of sequences to find similarity, often to infer if they are related ( homologous ) Identification of intrinsic features of the sequence such as active sites , post translational modification sites, gene-structures , reading frames , distributions of ...

  6. Cell signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_signaling

    In this process, the signal, by interacting with the receptor, starts a series of molecular events within the cell leading to the final effect of the signaling process. Typically the final effect consists in the activation of an ion channel ( ligand-gated ion channel ) or the initiation of a second messenger system cascade that propagates the ...

  7. Docking (molecular) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docking_(molecular)

    One can think of molecular docking as a problem of “lock-and-key”, in which one wants to find the correct relative orientation of the “key” which will open up the “lock” (where on the surface of the lock is the key hole, which direction to turn the key after it is inserted, etc.). Here, the protein can be thought of as the “lock ...

  8. Genomics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics

    Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of molecular biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes.A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes as well as its hierarchical, three-dimensional structural configuration.

  9. Molecular cytogenetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cytogenetics

    Molecular cytogenetics combines two disciplines, molecular biology and cytogenetics, and involves the analysis of chromosome structure to help distinguish normal and cancer-causing cells. Human cytogenetics began in 1956 when it was discovered that normal human cells contain 46 chromosomes.