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The patterns may appear on a few or many leaves. Plants are infected by this virus at propagation using infected plant material. [4] Rose wilt – Rose wilt is a complex of viruses and is referred to as "dieback" in some areas. The disease can be spread by vectors such as aphids. Symptoms are variable and range from stunted growth to curled ...
Ditylenchus dipsaci is a plant pathogenic nematode that primarily infects onion and garlic. [2] It is commonly known as the stem nematode, the stem and bulb eelworm, or onion bloat (in the United Kingdom). [3] [4] Symptoms of infection include stunted growth, discoloration of bulbs, and swollen stems.
However, white grubs (reaching 40–45 mm long when full grown) live in the soil and feed on plant roots, especially those of grasses and cereals, and are occasional pests in pastures, nurseries, gardens, and golf courses. An obvious indication of infestation is the presence of birds, such as crows, peeling back the grass to get to the grubs.
Cockchafer feeds on deciduous plant and fruit tree leaves, including oaks, maple, sweet chestnut, beech, plum, and walnut trees. The feeding behaviour of larvae can cause severe damage to the plants. They feed on both the small roots of field plants such as grain, grass, tree, beet roots and the large part of crop rootlets.
Fields are free from PCN until an introduction occurs, after which the typical patches, or hotspots, occur on the farmland. These patches can become full field infestations when unchecked. Yield reductions can average up to 60% at high population densities. Medium scale distribution of the potato cyst nematode: "hotspot" or "infestation focus".
Cabbage clubroot is a disease of Brassicaceae (mustard family or cabbage family) caused by the soil-borne Plasmodiophora brassicae. [9] The disease first appears scattered in fields, but in successive seasons it will infect the entire field, reducing the yield significantly and sometimes resulting in no yield at all.
Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode, RKN), also known as the southern root-nematode or cotton root-knot nematode is a plant-parasitic roundworm in the family Heteroderidae. This nematode is one of the four most common species worldwide and has numerous hosts.
When the soybean cyst nematode is a J2 it may then enter the root of the plant, usually just behind the root tip. [9] Once the SCNs have gained entry into the root, they can create specialized feeding cells called syncytia by penetrating the pericycle, endodermis, or cortex cell with their stylet in order to take in nutrients from the plant. [9]