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Sex education in Francoist Spain (1939–1975) and the democratic transition (1975–1982) was prohibited by law to be taught in schools. When it was addressed, it was originally done so from a moralistic point of view, highlighting concepts like the need for chastity.
Francoist ideology held that biologically, women did not have the same intellectual capacity as men. This belief was used to justify discrimination against women. [1] The Franco period represented an end of a period of innovation and revolutionary reforms in Spanish society, which impacted many areas including education. [2]
Childcare in Francoist Spain and the democratic transition was not about the needs of the mother, but about the needs of the state to educate children. While childcare centers had been provided by Republican aligned unions in the Spanish Civil Wars , with the start of the Franco period women were discouraged from participating in the workforce.
In 1970, 2 million units of the pill were sold in Spain. [26] The 1970 Education Act guaranteed a free education for all Spanish citizens. [27] Sección Femenina had been trying to organize the Congreso Internacional de la Mujer since 1967. Their initial efforts were delayed several years, including for budget reasons in 1969.
By the 1960s, Francoist Spain had changed its definition of Catholic womanhood. Women were no longer only biological organisms existing for the sole purpose of procreation, but as beings for whom Spanish cultural meaning rested. [2] Despite being contraception being illegal, by the mid-1960s, Spanish women had access to the contraceptive pill. [2]
In 1902, a Royal Decree of July 11 established the Royal Board for the Repression of White Slavery within the Ministry of Justice, later reformed in 1904 and 1909. With the arrival of the Second Republic, it was reorganized in 1931 as the Board for the Protection of Women and was dissolved in 1935, transferring its powers to the Superior Council for the Protection of Minors. [1]
Francoist Spain (Spanish: España franquista), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (dictadura franquista), was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title Caudillo. Two days after his death in 1975 due to heart failure, Spain transitioned into a democracy.
In education, women were rapidly achieving parity with men, at least statistically. In 1983, approximately 46 percent of Spain's university enrollment was female, the thirty-first highest percentage in the world, and comparable to most other European countries. [1] During Franco's years, Spanish law discriminated strongly against married women.