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Esterifications of phosphoric acid with alcohols proceed less readily than the more common carboxylic acid esterifications, with the reactions rarely proceeding much further than the phosphate mono-ester. The reaction requires high temperatures, under which the phosphoric acid can dehydrate to form poly-phosphoric acids.
A typical preparation of an aluminophosphate involves the hydrothermal reaction of phosphoric acid and aluminium in the form of hydroxide, an aluminium salt such as aluminium nitrate salt or alkoxide under controlled pH in the presence of organic amines. [9]
Phosphoryl chloride (commonly called phosphorus oxychloride) is a colourless liquid with the formula P O Cl 3. It hydrolyses in moist air releasing phosphoric acid and fumes of hydrogen chloride. It is manufactured industrially on a large scale from phosphorus trichloride and oxygen or phosphorus pentoxide. [4] It is mainly used to make ...
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4. The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO 4] 3− is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H +.
Since the ends are condensed, its formula has one less H 2 O (water) than tripolyphosphoric acid. The general formula of a phosphoric acid is H n−2x+2 P n O 3n−x+1, where n is the number of phosphorus atoms and x is the number of fundamental cycles in the molecule's structure; that is, the minimum number of bonds that would have to be ...
This Lewis basicity is exploited in the Kinnear–Perren reaction to prepare alkylphosphonyl dichlorides (RP(O)Cl 2) and alkylphosphonate esters (RP(O)(OR') 2). Alkylation of phosphorus trichloride is effected in the presence of aluminium trichloride give the alkyltrichlorophosphonium salts, which are versatile intermediates: [16]
Phosphoric acid ; Sulfuric acid ... Aluminium chloride; Ammonium chloride; ... Salt metathesis reaction; Water–gas shift reaction;
This chloride undergoes dehydrochlorination to afford the target: CH 3 CH(Cl)PO(OH) 2 → CH 2 =CHPO(OH) 2 + HCl. In the Kinnear–Perren reaction alkylphosphonyl dichlorides and esters are generated by alkylation of phosphorus trichloride in the presence of aluminium trichloride. Alkyltrichlorophosphonium salts are intermediates: [1]