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Paving materials include asphalt, concrete, stones such as flagstone, cobblestone, and setts, artificial stone, bricks, tiles, and sometimes wood. In landscape architecture , pavements are part of the hardscape and are used on sidewalks , road surfaces , patios , courtyards , etc.
Some materials used for driveways include concrete, decorative brick, cobblestone, block paving, asphalt, gravel, resin-bound paving, and decomposed granite. These materials may be surrounded with grass or other ground-cover plants. Driveways are commonly used as paths to private garages, carports, or houses. On large estates, a driveway may be ...
Pavement engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses engineering techniques to design and maintain flexible and rigid pavements. This includes streets and highways and involves knowledge of soils, hydraulics, and material properties. Pavement engineering involves new construction as well as rehabilitation and maintenance of existing ...
Roads also may be classified based on their pavement material types. For instance, the Long-Term Pavement Performance database includes more than 30 types of pavement types for roads in the US and Canada. [2] [4] [5] However, a more generic classification of roads based on material type is as follows. [5] [6] Concrete roads; Asphalt roads ...
Asphalt batch mix plant A machine laying asphalt concrete, fed from a dump truck. Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, [1] blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams. [2]
Highway engineering (also known as roadway engineering and street engineering) is a professional engineering discipline branching from the civil engineering subdiscipline of transportation engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, highways, streets, bridges, and tunnels to ensure safe and effective transportation of people and goods.
Usually constructed of concrete, pavers, brick, stone, or asphalt, it is designed for pedestrians. A sidewalk is normally higher than the roadway, and separated from it by a curb. There may also be a planted strip between the sidewalk and the roadway and between the roadway and the adjacent land.
Crazy paving, a means of hard-surfacing used outdoors; Nicolson pavement, a road surface material consisting of wooden blocks; Pavers (flooring), an outdoor floor done in blocks; Permeable paving, paving that enables stormwater to flow through it or between gaps; Portuguese pavement, the traditional paving used in most pedestrian areas in Portugal