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Many different tests on attention span have been used in different populations and in different times. Some tests measure short-term, focused attention abilities (which is typically below normal in people with ADHD), and others provide information about how easily distracted the test-taker is (typically a significant problem in people with ADHD).
The d2 Test of Attention is a neuropsychological measure of selective and sustained attention and visual scanning speed. [1] It is a paper and pencil test that asks participants to cross out any letter "d" with two marks around above it or below it in any order. [ 2 ]
[2] Since 1798, the medical literature on attentional disorders has distinguished between at least two kinds: one a disorder of distractibility, lack of sustained attention, and poor inhibition (that is now known as ADHD), and the other a disorder of low power, arousal, or oriented/selective attention (now known as CDS). [3]
The fast-acting methylphenidate (well known under the trade name Ritalin) is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor. [12] In the short term, methylphenidate is well tolerated. However, long-term studies have not been conducted in adults, and concerns about long-term effects like increases in blood pressure have not been established.
There are a variety of CPTs, the more commonly used being the Integrated Visual and Auditory CPT (IVA-2), [2] Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A.) and the Conners' CPT-III. [3] These attention tests are often used as part of a battery of tests to understand a person's ' executive functioning ' or their capacity to sort and manage information.
There is some overlap between tests: children aged 6 years 0 months through 7 years 7 months can complete the WPPSI or the WISC; children aged 16 can complete the WISC-V or the WAIS-IV. Different floor effect and ceiling effect can be achieved using the different tests, allowing for a greater understanding of the child's abilities or deficits ...
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To test whether distraction in the first phase resulted in increased responsiveness during the re-exposure phase, experimenters "compared mean unpleasantness ratings between unpleasant pictures that were previously presented in the attend (previous attention) versus distract (previous distraction) condition using a paired t-test".