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Regional Development Banks (Indonesian: Bank Pembangunan Daerah, or BPD) are a type of bank in Indonesia that is established and owned by the local provincial government. Its purpose is to boost regional development and provide initial capital to the province that private banks would not risk giving, as well as giving basic financial services ...
PT. Bank Pundi Indonesia, Tbk (“Bank Pundi”), was established on 11 September 1992 in Jakarta under the name of PT. Executive International Bank (“Bank Eksekutif”) based on the deed approved by the Minister of Justice with No. C2-9246-HT.01.01 in 1992 and published in the state gazette of the Republic of Indonesia no. 103 dated December 26, 1992, Supplement No. 6651.
In economics, a transaction cost is a cost incurred when making an economic trade when participating in a market. [1]The idea that transactions form the basis of economic thinking was introduced by the institutional economist John R. Commons in 1931.
Supply chain finance (or supply chain financing, abbreviated to SCF) is a form of financial transaction initiated by the ordering party (a business customer) in order to help its suppliers to finance their receivables more easily and at a lower interest rate than the rate available commercially.
In macroeconomics, an open market operation (OMO) is an activity by a central bank to exchange liquidity in its currency with a bank or a group of banks. The central bank can either transact government bonds and other financial assets in the open market or enter into a repurchase agreement or secured lending transaction with a commercial bank .
The rationing and price controls enforced in many countries during World War II encouraged widespread black market activity. [28] One source of black-market meat under wartime rationing was by farmers declaring fewer domestic animal births to the Ministry of Food than actually happened. Another in Britain was supplies from the US, intended only ...
Aside from SOEs, there are also provincially- or municipally-owned corporations, locally known as Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD). The primary difference between BUMNs and BUMDs is the ownership of the enterprise, whereas BUMNs are controlled by the Ministry of State Owned Enterprise while BUMDs are directly controlled by the local government.
Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes also called benefit–cost analysis, is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives.It is used to determine options which provide the best approach to achieving benefits while preserving savings in, for example, transactions, activities, and functional business requirements. [1]