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The quadratus femoris is a flat, quadrilateral skeletal muscle. Located on the posterior side of the hip joint, it is a strong external rotator and adductor of the thigh, [2] but also acts to stabilize the femoral head in the acetabulum. The quadratus femoris is used in Meyer's muscle pedicle grafting to prevent avascular necrosis of femur head.
The quadriceps femoris muscle (/ ˈ k w ɒ d r ɪ s ɛ p s ˈ f ɛ m ər ɪ s /, also called the quadriceps extensor, quadriceps or quads) is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the sole extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur.
The vastus muscles are three of the four muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris muscle of the thigh. The three muscles are the vastus intermedius , the vastus lateralis , and the vastus medialis located in the middle, on the outside, and inside of the thigh, respectively.
The vastus lateralis (/ ˈ v æ s t ə s ˌ l æ t ə ˈ r eɪ l ɪ s, ˈ r æ-/), also called the vastus externus, [1] is the largest and most powerful part of the quadriceps femoris, a muscle in the thigh. Together with other muscles of the quadriceps group, it serves to extend the knee joint, moving the lower leg forward.
Knee pain is thought to be primarily associated with specific quadriceps muscle weakness or fatigue, especially in the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO).It is known that fatigue can be caused by many different mechanisms, ranging from the accumulation of metabolites within muscle fibers to the generation of an inadequate motor command in the motor cortex. [4]
Muscle atrophy is the loss of skeletal muscle mass. It can be caused by immobility, aging, malnutrition, medications, or a wide range of injuries or diseases that impact the musculoskeletal or nervous system. Muscle atrophy leads to muscle weakness and causes disability.
Affected quadriceps (rectus femoris) in IBM. sIBM causes progressive muscle weakness. [1] How sIBM affects individuals is variable, including the age of onset (which generally varies from the forties upwards) and rate of progression.
Fatty atrophy of muscle common, except the rectus femoris (a thigh muscle) commonly spared or hypertrophic. [35] Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles. [36] EMG myopathic. Muscle biopsy commonly showed dystrophic changes, myofibrillar inclusions, nemaline rods, internalized nuclei, other myopathic features. [35]