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The lowest caste in Spartan society were the Helots, subjected populations tied to the land and over whom the Spartan state claimed ownership. In the late 5th century BC and later, a new class, the Neodamodes , literally "new to the community", seems to have been composed of liberated Helots.
In effect, the hoplite system was a strict method of training to ensure that discipline was maintained in the phalanx. The Spartans gained considerable reputation as hoplites, due to tactical capabilities developed through constant training. In addition to this military aspect, to be a hoplite was a key characteristic of Greek citizenship.
The ancient Greek tribes (Ancient Greek: Ἑλλήνων ἔθνη) were groups of Greek-speaking populations living in Greece, Cyprus, and the various Greek colonies. They were primarily divided by geographic , dialectal , political , and cultural criteria, as well as distinct traditions in mythology and religion .
This patronage system was one of the class relations that most tightly bound Roman society together, while also protecting patrician social privileges. [2] Clientela continued into the late Roman society, spanning almost the entirety of the existence of ancient Rome. [ 2 ]
The Rosetta Stone mentions an amnesty given to some máchimoi. Máchimoi were still present during the Ptolemaic period, and most scholars considers them as the direct successors of their Late Period counterparts; Ptolemaic máchimoi are mostly still seen as a caste of native-Egyptian, land-granted, low-ranked warriors whom, with the passing of time, takes on increasingly important roles ...
In ancient Greece, a binary system of classification categorized all people into one of two categories: Greek or non-Greek. Non-Greek peoples were called barbaroi, they could have either been born outside Greece, or have been born inside Greece to foreigners. [22] This dichotomy reinforced the view of non-Greeks as fundamentally "The Other".
The Spartan Constitution (or Spartan politeia) are the government and laws of the classical Greek city-state of Sparta.All classical Greek city-states had a politeia; the politeia of Sparta however, was noted by many classical authors for its unique features, which supported a rigidly layered social system and a strong hoplite army.
Bernard Sergent examined the trifunctional hypothesis in Greek epic, lyric and dramatic poetry. [12] India: the three Hindu castes, the Brahmins or priests; the Kshatriya, the warriors and military; and the Vaishya, the agriculturalists, cattle rearers and traders. The Shudra, a fourth Indian caste, is a peasant or serf.