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In organic chemistry, an azo coupling is an reaction between a diazonium compound (R−N≡N +) and another aromatic compound that produces an azo compound (R−N=N−R’).In this electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aryldiazonium cation is the electrophile, and the activated carbon (usually from an arene, which is called coupling agent), serves as a nucleophile.
Azo compounds are organic compounds bearing the functional group diazenyl (R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ can be either aryl or alkyl groups).. IUPAC defines azo compounds as: "Derivatives of diazene (diimide), HN=NH, wherein both hydrogens are substituted by hydrocarbyl groups, e.g. PhN=NPh azobenzene or diphenyldiazene.", where Ph stands for phenyl group. [1]
Like most azobenzenes, Solvent Yellow 7 can be synthesized by the reaction of the phenyldiazonium salt with phenol.The optimal pH value for this azo coupling is 8.5-10. The reaction is carried out in water, since sodium chloride (or potassium chloride) formed in the reaction is soluble in water, while the product precipitates.
2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (abbreviated AAPH or AMPA) is a chemical compound used to study the chemistry of the oxidation of drugs. [1]It is a free radical-generating azo compound.
Alizarine Yellow R is a yellow colored azo dye made by the diazo coupling reaction. It is usually commercially available as a sodium salt. In its pure form, it is a rust-colored solid. [2] It is mainly used as a pH indicator.
Notice that the coupling occurs adjacent to the hydroxy group. 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is a precursor to many anilides, such as Naphthol AS, which are reactive toward diazonium salts to give deeply colored azo compounds. Azo coupling of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid gives many dyes as well. Heating 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid in ammonia give 3 ...
Pigment Yellow 74 is an azo dye and classified as an arylide yellow. It is an intensely yellow-green solid. [1] It is prepared by azo coupling of the diazonium derivative of 2-methoxy-4-nitroaniline with 2-methoxyacetoacetanilide. [2] It is a flat molecule, enforced by the hydrogen-bonding via the ketohydrazide group. [3]
The compound is obtained by azo coupling of aniline and acetoacetanilide or their derivatives. The class of compounds was discovered in Germany in 1909. The initially formed diazo compound tautomerizes to give a ketohydrazone, which features extended pi-conjugation.