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The battle of Raphia marked a turning-point in Ptolemaic history. The native Egyptian element in 2nd-century Ptolemaic administration and culture grew in influence, driven in part by Egyptians having played a major role in the battle and in part by the financial pressures on the state aggravated [ 9 ] by the cost of the war itself.
In the summer of 217 BC, Ptolemy engaged and defeated the long-delayed Antiochus in the Battle of Raphia, the largest battle since the Battle of Ipsus over eighty years earlier. Ptolemy's victory preserved his control over Coele-Syria, and the weak king declined to advance further into Antiochus' empire, even to retake Seleucia Pieria.
The Battle of Raphia is a two-player wargame where one player controls the Egyptians, and the other controls the Seleucids. As a relatively simple game, it has a small 18" x 24" paper hex grid map scaled at 100 yd (90 m) per hex, only 120 counters, and a short rulebook.
Due to the lack of Greeks in the lands of the Seleucid kingdom, the use of allied, vassal and mercenary troops was great. They were often used as light and auxiliary troops, supplementing the phalanx and cavalry. Large numbers of native contingents fought at the Battle of Raphia in 217 BC.
255 BC, Battle of Tunis; 251 BC, Battle of Panormus; 238 BC, Battle of Utica; 238 BC, Battle of "The Saw" 239 BC, Battle of the Bagradas River; 219-218 BC, Siege of Saguntum; 218 BC, Crossing of the Alps and the Battle of Trebia; 217 BC, Battle of Raphia; 207 BC, Battle of the Metaurus; 202 BC, Battle of Zama; 200 BC, Battle of Panium; 197 BC ...
The battle was a victory for Ptolemy who soon secured Syria for himself and placed Seleucus in Babylonia to govern the eastern provinces of the empire. By 305 Ptolemy had taken the title of king, along with the other most powerful generals, including Cassander , Seleucus, and Antigonus.
The campaigns of 219 BC and 218 BC carried the Seleucid armies almost to the confines of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, but in 217 BC Ptolemy IV defeated Antiochus at the Battle of Raphia. This defeat nullified all Antiochus's successes and compelled him to withdraw north of Lebanon.
The book's opening, a retelling of the Battle of Raphia, is generally agreed to be loosely accurate, if not to the quality of Polybius's version. [8] It may have been based on a lost history of Ptolemy of Megalopolis, Philopater's governor of Cyprus, and seems to have been based on an account written from the Ptolemaic point of view.