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Plutonium dioxide is mainly produced by calcination of plutonium(IV) oxalate, Pu(C 2 O 4) 2 ·6H 2 O, at 300 °C. Plutonium oxalate is obtained during the reprocessing of nuclear fuel as plutonium is dissolved in a solution of nitric and hydrofluoric acid. [6] Plutonium dioxide can also be recovered from molten-salt breeder reactors by adding ...
Additionally, the formal +2 oxidation state of plutonium is known in the complex [K(2.2.2-cryptand)] [Pu II Cp″ 3], Cp″ = C 5 H 3 (SiMe 3) 2. [5] A +8 oxidation state is possible as well in the volatile tetroxide PuO 4. [6] Though it readily decomposes via a reduction mechanism similar to FeO 4, PuO 4 can be stabilized in alkaline solutions ...
When heated to 150–180 °C, it decomposes with autooxidation to plutonium (VI) with the formation of plutonyl nitrate (PuO 2 (NO 3) 2).Upon evaporation of concentrated nitric acid solutions of plutonium nitrate and alkali metal nitrates, double nitrates of the composition M 2 [Pu(NO 3) 6] are formed, where M = Cs +, Rb +, K +, Tl +, NH 4 +, analogous to ceric ammonium nitrate.
187±1 pm : Spectral lines of plutonium: ... triple point kPa 2 = | triple point 2 ref = | triple point 2 comment = | critical point K = ... ("noble gas") and E173 ...
Additionally, the formal +2 oxidation state of plutonium is known in the complex [K(2.2.2-cryptand)] [Pu II Cp″ 3], Cp″ = C 5 H 3 (SiMe 3) 2. [37] A +8 oxidation state is possible as well in the volatile tetroxide PuO 4. [38] Though it readily decomposes via a reduction mechanism similar to FeO 4, PuO 4 can be stabilized in alkaline ...
Plutonium in the delta (δ) phase [8] normally exists in the 310 °C to 452 °C range but is stable at room temperature when alloyed with a small percentage of gallium, aluminium, or cerium, enhancing workability and allowing it to be welded in weapons applications. The δ phase has more typical metallic character and is roughly as strong and ...
Typically in a modern weapon, the weapon's pit contains 3.5 to 4.5 kilograms (7.7 to 9.9 lb) of plutonium and at detonation produces approximately 5 to 10 kilotonnes of TNT (21 to 42 TJ) yield, representing the fissioning of approximately 0.5 kilograms (1.1 lb) of plutonium. [10] [11] Materials which can sustain a chain reaction are called fissile
It sublimes around 60 °C with heat 12.1 kcal/mol to a gas of octahedral molecules [2] with plutonium-fluorine bond lengths of 197.1 pm. [14] At high pressure, the gas condenses, with a triple point at 51.58 °C and 710 hPa (530 Torr); the heat of vaporization is 7.4 kcal/mol. [13] At temperatures below -180 °C, plutonium hexafluoride is ...