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First-generation antihistamines can easily cross the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system to reach the H-1 receptors within, often causing drowsiness. [7] Second-generation antihistamines selectively bind to the peripheral H-1 receptors outside the blood-brain barrier, therefore they are less likely to cause sedation.
Substances that may cause this toxidrome include cocaine, amphetamine and compounds based upon amphetamine's structure such as ephedrine , methamphetamine, phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine. The bronchodilator salbutamol may also cause this toxidrome. It may appear very similar to the anticholinergic toxidrome, but is distinguished by ...
[2] [4] Symptoms may include flushed skin, sweating, headache, itchiness, blurred vision, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. [2] [5] Onset of symptoms is typically 10 to 60 minutes after eating and can last for up to two days. [2] Rarely, breathing problems, difficulty swallowing, redness of the mouth, or an irregular heartbeat may occur. [2] [5]
Other common adverse effects in first-generation H 1-antihistamines include dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, euphoria, incoordination, anxiety, increased appetite leading to weight gain, insomnia, tremor, nausea and vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, and dry cough.
Loratadine is a tricyclic antihistamine, which acts as a selective inverse agonist of peripheral histamine H 1 receptors. [ 22 ] [ 26 ] The potency of second generation histamine antagonists is (from strongest to weakest) desloratadine ( K i 0.4 nM) > levocetirizine (K i 3 nM) > cetirizine (K i 6 nM) > fexofenadine (K i 10 nM) > terfenadine ...
A debunked urban legend claims that a few drops of Visine will cause harmless but debilitating bouts of explosive diarrhea, similar to a laxative. [14] However, symptoms of Visine's active ingredient tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride can be severe, and can include: Dangerously low body temperature (hypothermia) Blurred vision; Nausea and vomiting