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The James–Lange theory (1964) is a hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions and is one of the earliest theories of emotion within modern psychology. It was developed by philosopher John Dewey and named for two 19th-century scholars, William James and Carl Lange (see modern criticism for more on the theory's origin).
James introduced a new theory of emotion (later known as the James–Lange theory), which argued that an emotion is instead the consequence rather than the cause of the bodily experiences associated with its expression. [1] In other words, a stimulus causes a physical response and an emotion follows the response.
James is one of the two namesakes of the James–Lange theory of emotion, which he formulated independently of Carl Lange in the 1880s. The theory holds that emotion is the mind's perception of physiological conditions that result from some stimulus.
William James in 1890 proposed four basic emotions: fear, grief, love, and rage, based on bodily involvement. [35] Paul Ekman identified six basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. [36] Wallace V. Friesen and Phoebe C. Ellsworth worked with him on the same basic structure. [37] The emotions can be linked to facial ...
The James-Lange theory of emotion was proposed by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange. This theory suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological responses to outside stimuli or events. For example, this theory suggests that if someone is driving down the road and sees the headlights of another car heading toward ...
Simplified graph of James-Lange Theory of Emotion. In his 1884 article [79] William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion". [80]
Psychological theories of emotion have also been set out in the Two-factor theory of emotion, put forth by Schachter and Singer, the Papez–Maclean hypothesis, and the theory of constructed emotion. [43] Theories on psychosomatic factors in personality were elaborated by psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer; neurologist Paul Schilder, with his notion ...
The facial feedback hypothesis, rooted in the conjectures of Charles Darwin and William James, is that one's facial expression directly affects their emotional experience. . Specifically, physiological activation of the facial regions associated with certain emotions holds a direct effect on the elicitation of such emotional states, and the lack of or inhibition of facial activation will ...