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Located in the main shaft of a long bone (consisting mostly of compact bone), the medullary cavity has walls composed of spongy bone (cancellous bone) and is lined with a thin, vascular membrane . [1] [2] This area is involved in the formation of red blood cells and white blood cells, and the calcium supply for bird eggshells. The area has been ...
The endosteum (pl.: endostea) is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones. [1] [2] This endosteal surface is usually resorbed during long periods of malnutrition, resulting in less cortical thickness. [citation needed]
The long bones of the human leg comprise nearly half of adult height. The other primary skeletal component of height are the vertebrae and skull. The outside of the bone consists of a layer of connective tissue called the periosteum. Additionally, the outer shell of the long bone is compact bone, then a deeper layer of cancellous bone (spongy ...
The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, [1] except at the articular surfaces (i.e. the parts within a joint space) of long bones. (At the joints of long bones the bone's outer surface is lined with "articular cartilage", a type of hyaline cartilage.) Endosteum lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity of ...
The long, relatively straight main body of a long bone; region of primary ossification. Also known as the shaft. dia-+ physis, "between the growth parts" epiphysis: The end regions of a long bone; regions of secondary ossification. epi-+ physis, "on top of the growth part" physis (epiphyseal plate) Also known as the growth plate.
Bone marrow comprises approximately 5% of total body mass in healthy adult humans, such that a man weighing 73 kg (161 lbs) will have around 3.7 kg (8 lbs) of bone marrow. [5] Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day, which join the systemic circulation via permeable vasculature sinusoids within the medullary cavity. [6]
A schematic for long bone endochondral ossification. In developing bones, ossification commences within the primary ossification center located in the center of the diaphysis (bone shaft), [5] where the following changes occur: The perichondrium surrounding the cartilage model transforms into the periosteum. During this transformation, special ...
The nutrient artery (arteria nutricia, or central artery), usually accompanied by one or two nutrient veins, enters the bone through the nutrient foramen, runs obliquely through the cortex, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the endosteum–the vascular membrane lining the medullary cavity–and give twigs to the adjoining canals.