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This is the list of extremely hazardous substances defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. § 11002). The list can be found as an appendix to 40 CFR 355. [1] Updates as of 2006 can be seen on the Federal Register, 71 FR 47121 (August 16, 2006). [2]
In the absence of LC 50 data on the poisonous (toxic) constituent substances, the mixture may be assigned a packing group and hazard zone based on simplified threshold toxicity tests. When these threshold tests are used, the most restrictive packing group and hazard zone must be determined and used for the transportation of the mixture.
An example is zinc oxide, a common paint pigment, which is extremely toxic to aquatic life. [citation needed] Toxicity or other hazards do not imply an environmental hazard, because elimination by sunlight , water or organisms (biological elimination) neutralizes many reactive or poisonous substances. Persistence towards these elimination ...
Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC 50 (median lethal concentration) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or permanent injury), and/or exposure limits (TLV, TWA/PEL, STEL, or REL) determined by the ACGIH professional association.
The example above shows an explosive with a compatibility group "A" (shown as 1.1A). The actual letter shown would depend on the specific properties of the substance being transported. For example, the Canadian Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations provides a description of compatibility groups. 1.1 Explosives with a mass explosion hazard
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. [1] Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity).
Just how common that is varies widely: Anywhere from 10% to 78% of samples of bottled water have been found to contain contaminants that may be harmful to human health. They include:
A highly hazardous chemical, also called a harsh chemical, is a substance classified by the American Occupational Safety and Health Administration as material that is both toxic and reactive and whose potential for human injury is high if released. Highly hazardous chemicals may cause cancer, birth defects, induce genetic damage, cause ...