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The history of communication technologies (media and appropriate inscription tools) have evolved in tandem with shifts in political and economic systems, and by extension, systems of power. Communication can range from very subtle processes of exchange to full conversations and mass communication.
Before becoming simply communication, or communication studies, the discipline was formed from three other major studies: psychology, sociology, and political science. [1] Communication studies focus on communication as central to the human experience, which involves understanding how people behave in creating, exchanging, and interpreting ...
Natural means of communication. The means of natural communication or the "primary medias" (see Media studies) include: Speech and other mouth-formed sounds, e.g. screaming; Sign language using hand or body movements, e.g. winking; Photos is another way; we see this method used with younger children.
Like other means of communication, signals could be misinterpreted. In one recorded instance, a smoke signal reply translated as "we are coming" was misinterpreted as joining a war party for protection of the tribe, when it was actually to indicate hunting parties coming together after a successful hunt.
Besides being a means of communication and a store of information, letter writing has played a role in the reproduction of writing as an art throughout history. [1] Letters have been sent since antiquity and are mentioned in the Iliad. [2] Historians Herodotus and Thucydides mention and use letters in their writings. [3]
Harold Innis examined the rise and fall of ancient empires as a way of tracing the effects of communications media. He looked at media that led to the growth of an empire; those that sustained it during its periods of success, and then, the communications changes that hastened an empire's collapse.
The history of telecommunication began with the use of smoke signals and drums in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. In the 1790s, the first fixed semaphore systems emerged in Europe . However, it was not until the 1830s that electrical telecommunication systems started to appear.
The word communication has its root in the Latin verb communicare, which means ' to share ' or ' to make common '. [1] Communication is usually understood as the transmission of information: [2] a message is conveyed from a sender to a receiver using some medium, such as sound, written signs, bodily movements, or electricity. [3]