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The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [3] The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas and through the air.
Figures for the death toll vary widely by area and from source to source, and estimates are frequently revised as historical research brings new discoveries to light. Most scholars estimate that the Black Death killed up to 75 million people [5] in the 14th century, at a time when the entire world population was still less than 500 million.
A plague doctor and his typical apparel during the 17th century. The second plague pandemic was a major series of epidemics of plague that started with the Black Death, which reached medieval Europe in 1346 and killed up to half of the population of Eurasia in the next four years.
One of the worst plagues in history, the Black Death arrived on the shores of Europe in 1347. Five years later, around 25 to 50 million people were dead across the continent.
The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease hit somewhere once every five or six years from 1350 to 1490. [39] Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, [ 40 ] reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. [ 41 ]
Those declared guilty were burned to death, while their supposed accomplices were banished from Zurich. [ 1 ] Because of lack of contemporary chronicles reporting the story of the murder of the child (which is first mentioned in written sources roughly two hundred years after the event) some modern historians doubt its veracity.
In 1464, Eric's cousin Otto III of Pomerania-Stettin died of the Black Death, leaving both Eric and Wartislaw as well as Brandenburg's Frederick II with claims for inheritance. In 1466 Eric II and Wartislaw X were granted liens by the elector of Brandenburg at Soldin. However the contract was not fulfilled and it came to military intervention.
Theories of the Black Death are a variety of explanations that have been advanced to explain the nature and transmission of the Black Death (1347–51). A number of epidemiologists from the 1980s to the 2000s challenged the traditional view that the Black Death was caused by plague based on the type and spread of the disease.