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Magnesium sulfate is effective in decreasing the risk that pre-eclampsia progresses to eclampsia. [24] Intravenous magnesium sulfate is used to prevent and treat seizures of eclampsia. It reduces the systolic blood pressure but does not alter the diastolic blood pressure, so the blood perfusion to the fetus is not compromised.
[15] [41] During pregnancy brisk or hyperactive reflexes are common, however, ankle clonus is a sign of neuromuscular irritability that usually reflects severe pre-eclampsia and also can precede eclampsia. [93] Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent convulsions in cases of severe pre-eclampsia.
The study demonstrating the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate for the management of eclampsia was first published in 1955. [57] Effective anticonvulsant serum levels range from 2.5 to 7.5 mEq/L, [ 58 ] however the ideal dosing regime (dose, route of administration, timing of dosing) to prevent and treat eclampsia is not clear.
Commonly used tocolytic medications include β 2 agonists, calcium channel blockers, NSAIDs, and magnesium sulfate. These can assist in delaying preterm delivery by suppressing uterine muscle contractions and their use is intended to reduce fetal morbidity and mortality associated with preterm birth. [2]
Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) is soluble in water. It is commonly used as a laxative, owing to the poor absorption of the sulfate component. In lower doses, they may be used as an oral magnesium source, however. Intravenous or intramuscular magnesium is generally in the form of magnesium sulfate solution. Intravenous or intramuscular ...
Normal magnesium levels are between 0.6 and 1.1 mmol/L (1.46–2.68 mg/dL) with levels less than 0.6 mmol/L (1.46 mg/dL) defining hypomagnesemia. [1] Specific electrocardiogram (ECG) changes may be seen. [1] Treatment is with magnesium either by mouth or intravenously. [2] For those with severe symptoms, intravenous magnesium sulfate may be ...