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Requirements for deformations on steel bar reinforcement were not standardized in US construction until about 1950. Modern requirements for deformations were established in "Tentative Specifications for the Deformations of Deformed Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement", ASTM A305-47T.
Reference ASTM standard specifications A1035/A1035M Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-carbon, Chromium, Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement, A767 Standard Specification for Hot Dip Galvanized Reinforcing Bars, A775 Standard Specification for Epoxy Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars and A955 Standard Specification for Deformed and ...
It was an era of intense competition among reinforcing bar manufacturers with each individual deformed bar pattern carefully protected by patents. Smooth bars of approximately 1 ⁄ 4 inch (6.4 mm) diameter were employed for stirrups throughout the bridge structure. [3] Arch: 12 by 19 inches (300 by 480 mm) Tension ties: 9 by 15 inches (230 by ...
The high availability and popularity of deformed bars or rebars as a passive structural reinforcement in conventional concrete systems make it sought after in printed concrete. They are welded together to form trusses laid between layers to form a very effective co-installed reinforcement strategy without the use of formworks .
The reinforcement in a RC structure, such as a steel bar, has to undergo the same strain or deformation as the surrounding concrete in order to prevent discontinuity, slip or separation of the two materials under load. Maintaining composite action requires transfer of load between the concrete and steel.
The reinforcement is often steel rebar (mesh, spiral, bars and other forms). Structural fibers of various materials are available. Concrete can also be prestressed (reducing tensile stress ) using internal steel cables (tendons), allowing for beams or slabs with a longer span than is practical with reinforced concrete alone.
Rebar detailing is the discipline of preparing 'shop/placing' or 'fabrication' drawings or shop drawings of steel reinforcement for construction. Engineers prepare 'design drawings' that develop required strengths by applying rebar size, spacing, location, and lap of steel .
A dowel bar retrofit (DBR) is a method of reinforcing cracks in highway pavement by inserting steel dowel bars in slots cut across the cracks. It is a technique which several U.S. states' departments of transportation have successfully used in repairs to address faulting in older jointed plain concrete pavements.