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The pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans are the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine (hormone-producing) cells, discovered in 1869 by German pathological anatomist Paul Langerhans. [1] The pancreatic islets constitute 1–2% of the pancreas volume and receive 10–15% of its blood flow. [2] [3] The pancreatic islets are ...
Beta cells (β-cells) are specialized endocrine cells located within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans responsible for the production and release of insulin and amylin. [1] Constituting ~50–70% of cells in human islets, beta cells play a vital role in maintaining blood glucose levels. [2] Problems with beta cells can lead to disorders such ...
pancreas: alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans: Glucagon receptor → cAMP: glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver, activates lipase enzyme in adipose tissue cells, increases blood glucose level, inhibits storage of triglyceride in liver: 32 Glucagon-like peptide-1: GLP1 Peptide: ileum: L cells: GLP1R, GLP2R: pancreatic beta cells of Islets ...
At first, there was a lot of controversy about what the Islets were made of and what they did. [3] It appeared that all of the cells were the same within the Islet, but were histologically distinct from acini cells. [3] Laguesse discovered that the cells within the Islets of Langerhans contained granules that distinguished them from acini cells ...
Pancreatic enteroendocrine cells are located in the islets of Langerhans and produce most importantly the hormones insulin and glucagon. The autonomous nervous system strongly regulates their secretion, with parasympathetic stimulation stimulating insulin secretion and inhibiting glucagon secretion and sympathetic stimulation having opposite ...
Epsilon cells (ε-cells) are one of the five types of endocrine cells found in regions of the pancreas called Islets of Langerhans. [1] Epsilon cells produce the hormone ghrelin that induces hunger. They were first discovered in mice. In humans, these cells compose less than 1% of all islet cells.
n/a Ensembl n/a n/a UniProt n a n/a RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a n/a Location (UCSC) n/a n/a PubMed search n/a n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. It raises the concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream and is considered to be the main catabolic hormone of the body. It is also used as a medication ...
Amylin, or islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is a 37-residue peptide hormone. [5] It is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells in the ratio of approximately 100:1 (insulin:amylin). Amylin plays a role in glycemic regulation by slowing gastric emptying and promoting satiety, thereby preventing post-prandial spikes in blood glucose ...