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In terms of mechanism, an ideal RAFT polymerization has several features. The pre-equilibrium and re-initiation steps are completed very early in the polymerization meaning that the major product of the reaction (the RAFT polymer chains, RAFT-P n), all start growing at approximately the same time. The forward and reverse reactions of the main ...
Composting more consistently occurs within a shorter time frame since it is a more defined process and is expedited by human intervention. Biodegradation can occur in different time frames under different circumstances, but is meant to occur naturally without human intervention.
The composition of the initial glass is a structure controlling parameter. The manufacturing of the initial glass, mainly the cooling process, the temperature and time of thermal treatment, and the after treatment are structure determining parameters. The phase diagram for sodiumborosilica glass shows a miscibility gap for certain glass ...
In this scenario, the transition temperature is known as the calorimetric ideal glass transition temperature T 0c. In this view, the glass transition is not merely a kinetic effect, i.e. merely the result of fast cooling of a melt, but there is an underlying thermodynamic basis for glass formation. The glass transition temperature:
The reaction order is 1 with respect to B and −1 with respect to A. Reactant A inhibits the reaction at all concentrations. The following reactions follow a Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism: [4] 2 CO + O 2 → 2 CO 2 on a platinum catalyst. CO + 2H 2 → CH 3 OH on a ZnO catalyst. C 2 H 4 + H 2 → C 2 H 6 on a copper catalyst. N 2 O + H 2 ...
Usually, this mechanism is used in gas phase decomposition and also in isomerization reactions. An example of isomerization by a Lindemann mechanism is the isomerization of cyclopropane. [11] cyclo−C 3 H 6 → CH 3 −CH=CH 2. Although it seems like a simple reaction, it is actually a multistep reaction: cyclo−C 3 H 6 → CH 2 −CH 2 −CH ...
Glass disease, also referred to as sick glass or glass illness, is a degradation process of glass that can result in weeping, crizzling, spalling, cracking and fragmentation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Glass disease is caused by an inherent instability in the chemical composition of the original glass formula. [ 3 ]
In the reaction, thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid (concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated CF 3 CO 2 H) generates a nitrogen radical intermediate. The radical then abstracts an intramolecular hydrogen atom to give a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, in some cases, piperidine).