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A weaker flour, such as a cake or pastry flour with a much lower gluten content would have a much steeper decline after peak time. The points of interest on the graph are fivefold: Arrival Time (Absorption) – Absorption is the point chosen by the baking industry which represents a target water to flour ratio in bread.
This kind of rice sheds its outer hull or husk but the bran and germ layer remain on, constituting the brown or tan colour of rice. White rice is the same grain without the hull, the bran layer, and the cereal germ. Red rice, gold rice, and black rice (also called purple rice) are all whole rice with differently pigmented outer layers. [1]
This is an easily verified indicator for the fraction of the whole grain remains in the flour, because the mineral content of the starchy endosperm is much lower than that of the outer parts of the grain. Flour made from all parts of the grain (extraction rate: 100%) leaves about 2 grams (0.071 oz) ash or more per 100 grams (3.5 oz) dry flour ...
[7] [8] The bran in brown rice contains significant dietary fiber and the germ contains many vitamins and minerals. [ 9 ] Typically, 100 grams of uncooked rice produces around 240 to 260 grams of cooked grains, the difference in weight being due to absorbed cooking water.
Semolina made from hard durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) is pale yellow in color. [7] It may be milled either coarse or fine, and both are used in a wide variety of sweet and savory dishes, including many types of pasta. Semolina ground, plain (left) and toasted (right) Semolina made from common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is beige in ...
Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, [2] is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.
Flour provides the primary structure, starch and protein to the final baked bread. The protein content of the flour is the best indicator of the quality of the bread dough and the finished bread. While bread can be made from all-purpose wheat flour, a specialty bread flour, containing more protein (12–14%), is recommended for high-quality bread.
[5] [6] [7] These properties, and its relatively low cost, make gluten valuable to both food and non-food industries. [7] Wheat gluten is composed of mainly two types of proteins: the glutenins [8] and the gliadins, [9] which in turn can be divided into high molecular and low molecular glutenins and α/β, γ and Ω gliadins.