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However, aqueous geochemistry is still very important. In oceans, rare-earth elements reflect input from rivers, hydrothermal vents, and aeolian sources; [27] this is important in the investigation of ocean mixing and circulation. [29] Rare-earth elements are also useful for dating rocks, as some radioactive isotopes display long
The cerium anomaly, in geochemistry, is the phenomenon whereby cerium (Ce) concentration is either depleted or enriched in a rock relative to the other rare-earth elements (REEs). [1] A Ce anomaly is said to be "negative" if Ce is depleted relative to the other REEs and is said to be "positive" if Ce is enriched relative to the other REEs. [1]
An overview of one of the regolith-hosted rare earth element deposits (a type of Rare Earth Element mine) in South China [1]. Regolith-hosted rare earth element deposits (also known as ion-adsorption deposits) are rare-earth element (REE) ores in decomposed rocks that are formed by intense weathering of REE-rich parental rocks (e.g. granite, tuff etc.) in subtropical areas. [2]
Rare-earth element abundances of basalts, of both terrestrial and lunar origins [1]. The europium anomaly is the phenomenon whereby the europium (Eu) concentration in a mineral is either enriched or depleted relative to some standard, commonly a chondrite or mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB).
Another way to classify incompatible elements is by mass (lanthanide series): light rare-earth elements (LREE) are La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm, and heavy rare-earth elements (HREE) are Eu–Lu. Rocks or magmas that are rich, or only slightly depleted, in light rare-earth elements are referred to as "fertile", and those with strong depletions in LREE ...
Aqueous geochemistry studies the role of various elements in natural waters, including copper, sulfur, and mercury. Researchers in this field also study how elemental fluxes are exchanged through interactions between the atmosphere , the earth or soil (terrestrial interactions) and bodies of water (aquatic interactions).
Her research focuses on the chemical speciation and biogeochemical cycling of trace elements in the environment. [3] Johannesson is the author of the book Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater Flow Systems which focuses on the geochemistry of the lanthanide series elements in groundwater environments. It was first published in 2005. [4]
Compatibility is commonly described by an element's distribution coefficient. A distribution coefficient describes how the solid and liquid phases of an element will distribute themselves in a mineral. Current studies of Earth's rare trace elements seek to quantify and examine the chemical composition of elements in the Earth's crust.