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In the period before the Civil War, a U.S. Army light artillery battery was organized with four M1841 6-pounder field guns and two M1841 12-pounder howitzers. [1] The field gun fired solid iron cannon balls in a flat trajectory to smash its targets [2] while the howitzer was designed to lob hollow shells into massed formations or fortifications. [3]
Nine-pounders were universally gone well before the Mexican War, and only scant references exist to any Civil War use of the weapons. The 12-pounder field gun appeared in a series of models mirroring the 6-pounder, but in far less numbers. At least one Federal battery, the 13th Indiana, took the 12-pounder field gun into service early in the war.
The 12-pounder Whitworth rifle was a medium caliber field gun deployed during the mid-19th century. Designed by Joseph Whitworth , the gun was most notably used during the American Civil War . The gun was also used by the Imperial Brazilian Army in the War of the Triple Alliance .
One of the Dahlgren guns of the American Civil War; Ordnance BL 12 pounder 7 cwt, British field gun, 1885–1892; Ordnance QF 12 pounder 8 cwt, British naval landing gun, late 19th century and early 20th century; Ordnance BL 12 pounder 6 cwt, British light field gun, 1894–1916; QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun, British "Long 12" of 1890s ...
A 6-pounder battery typically included four 6-pounder field guns and two 12-pounder howitzers. Altogether, the battery required fourteen 6-horse teams and seven spare horses. [14] The teams pulled the six artillery pieces and limbers, six caissons and limbers, one battery wagon, and one traveling forge.
The M1841 mountain howitzer was a mountain gun used by the United States Army during the mid-nineteenth century, from 1837 to about 1870. It saw service during the Mexican–American War of 1847–1848, the American Indian Wars, and during the American Civil War, 1861–1865 (primarily in the more rugged western theaters).
Characteristics of American Civil War artillery pieces [27] [37] Description Caliber Tube length Tube weight Carriage weight Shot weight Charge weight Range 5° elev. M1841 6-pounder field gun: 3.67 in (9.3 cm) 60 in (152 cm) 884 lb (401 kg) 900 lb (408 kg) 6.1 lb (2.8 kg) 1.25 lb (0.6 kg) 1,523 yd (1,393 m) M1841 12-pounder field gun
The Napoleon, along with the 10-pounder Parrott rifle, the 20-pounder Parrott rifle, and the 3-inch ordnance rifle, came to constitute the vast majority of Union field artillery during the Civil War. The Confederates meanwhile had to make do with a wider variety of field artillery and went so far as to melt down outdated pieces so they could be ...