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The Biocidal Products Directive (BPD) also known as the Biocides Directive is European Union Directive, (98/8/EC), which concerns biocides.It is officially known as Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 1998 concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market. [1]
Anti-fouling is the ability of specifically designed materials (such as toxic biocide paints, or non-toxic paints) [1] to remove or prevent biofouling. [2] The buildup of biofouling on marine vessels poses a significant problem. In some instances, the hull structure and propulsion systems can be damaged. [3]
Biocides can be added to other materials (typically liquids) to protect them against biological infestation and growth. For example, certain types of quaternary ammonium compounds ( quats ) are added to pool water or industrial water systems to act as an algicide, protecting the water from infestation and growth of algae .
Dichlorooctylisothiazolinone, DCOIT or DCOI, is the organic compound with the formula SC(Cl)=C(Cl)C(O)NC 7 H 15.It is a white solid that melts near room temperature. It is an isothiazolinone, a class of heterocyclic compounds used as biocides.
[4] In pure form or in high concentrations, methylchloroisothiazolinone is a skin and membrane irritant and causes chemical burns. In the United States, maximum authorized concentrations are 15 ppm in rinse-offs (of a mixture in the ratio 3:1 of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol 3(2H)-one and 2-methylisothiazol-3 (2H)-one). [ 6 ]
Barley straw, in England, is placed in mesh bags and floated in fish ponds or water gardens to help reduce algal growth without harming pond plants and animals. Barley straw has not been approved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for use as a pesticide and its effectiveness as an algaecide in ponds has produced mixed results during university testing in the United ...
DBNPA or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions. It is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid. [2]
Tributyltin (TBT) is an umbrella term for a class of organotin compounds which contain the (C 4 H 9) 3 Sn group, with a prominent example being tributyltin oxide. [1] For 40 years TBT was used as a biocide in anti-fouling paint, commonly known as bottom paint, applied to the hulls of oceangoing vessels. [2]