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A painting of a gentry scholar with two courtesans, by Tang Yin, c. 1500. The four occupations (simplified Chinese: 士农工商; traditional Chinese: 士農工商; pinyin: Shì nóng gōng shāng), or "four categories of the people" (Chinese: 四民; pinyin: sì mín), [1] [2] was an occupation classification used in ancient China by either Confucian or Legalist scholars as far back as the ...
The Civilization Fund Act, also known as the Indian Civilization Act, was an Act passed by the United States Congress on March 3, 1819. The Act encouraged activities of benevolent societies in providing education for Native Americans and authorized an annuity to stimulate the "civilization process". [ 1 ]
Carroll Quigley (/ ˈ k w ɪ ɡ l i /; November 9, 1910 – January 3, 1977) was an American historian and theorist of the evolution of civilizations.He is remembered for his teaching work as a professor at Georgetown University, and his seminal works, The Evolution of Civilizations: An Introduction to Historical Analysis, and Tragedy And Hope; A History Of The World In Our Time, in which he ...
The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organisation so that participants may specialise (specialisation).Individuals, organisations, and nations are endowed with or acquire specialised capabilities, and either form combinations or trade to take advantage of the capabilities of others in addition to their own.
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The act also introduced a mechanism for the government to reduce the number of Indians with this status: enfranchisement would mean the loss of 'Indian status' for the man that applied, his wife, and all his future descendants. [1] [3] The act's policies discriminated based on gender, providing Indian women with less rights than Indian men.
Industrial civilization refers to the broader state of civilization, which spans multiple societies; industrial society just to specific segments (within the civilization) dependent on manufacturing jobs, whilst industrial civilisation as a whole involves many regions interdependent (via international trade) specialized in different ways, including information society and service economy.
Industrial societies use external energy sources, such as fossil fuels, to increase the rate and scale of production. [2] The production of food is shifted to large commercial farms where the products of industry, such as combine harvesters and fossil fuel–based fertilizers, are used to decrease required human labor while increasing production.