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The tenth edition, published in 2010 and edited by Cynthia M. Kahn, was the first to contain images. [2] It included radiographs, illustrations, and photomicrographs, as well as new chapters, including one on African hedgehogs. [2] The eleventh edition, published in 2016, had over 400 contributing authors. [10]
The Merck Manuals (outside the U.S. and Canada: The MSD Manuals; Chinese: 默沙东诊疗手册; pinyin: Mòshādōng Zhěnliáo Shǒucè) are medical references published by the American pharmaceutical company Merck & Co. (known as MSD outside the United States and Canada), that cover a wide range of medical topics, including disorders, tests, diagnoses, and drugs.
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Respiratory arrhythmia (or respiratory sinus arrhythmia) [39] [40] is directly caused by the central respiratory rhythm, which tracks the respiratory rate across a range of frequencies and is a major cause of heart rate variability in humans. [37]
Idioventricular means “relating to or affecting the cardiac ventricle alone” and refers to any ectopic ventricular arrhythmia. [1] Accelerated idioventricular arrhythmias are distinguished from ventricular rhythms with rates less than 40 ( ventricular escape ) and those faster than 120 ( ventricular tachycardia ). [ 2 ]
An idioventricular rhythm is a cardiac rhythm characterized by a rate of <50 beats per minute (bpm), absence of conducted P waves and widening of the QRS complex. [1] In cases where the heart rate is between 50 and 110 bpm, it is known as accelerated idioventricular rhythm and ventricular tachycardia if the rate exceeds 120 bpm.
Premature atrial contractions are often benign, requiring no treatment. Occasionally, the patient having the PAC will find these symptoms bothersome, in which case the doctor may treat the PACs. Sometimes the PACs can indicate heart disease or an increased risk for other cardiac arrhythmias. In this case, the underlying cause is treated.
Torsades de pointes, torsade de pointes or torsades des pointes (TdP; also called torsades) (/ t ɔːr ˌ s ɑː d d ə ˈ p w æ̃ t /, [2] French: [tɔʁsad də pwɛ̃t̪], translated as "twisting of peaks") is a specific type of abnormal heart rhythm that can lead to sudden cardiac death.