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For an arbitrary system of ODEs, a set of solutions (), …, are said to be linearly-independent if: + … + = is satisfied only for = … = =.A second-order differential equation ¨ = (,, ˙) may be converted into a system of first order linear differential equations by defining = ˙, which gives us the first-order system:
(Extensive online material on ODE numerical analysis history, for English-language material on the history of ODE numerical analysis, see, for example, the paper books by Chabert and Goldstine quoted by him.) Pchelintsev, A.N. (2020). "An accurate numerical method and algorithm for constructing solutions of chaotic systems".
For a system of the form (,, ′) =, some sources also require that the Jacobian matrix (,,) be non-singular in order to call this an implicit ODE [system]; an implicit ODE system satisfying this Jacobian non-singularity condition can be transformed into an explicit ODE system. In the same sources, implicit ODE systems with a singular Jacobian ...
Frequently models of physical systems contain terms representing fast-decaying elements (i.e. with large negative exponential arguments). Even when these are not of interest in the overall solution, the instability they can induce means that an exceptionally small timestep would be required if the Euler method is used.
Nonlinear ones are of particular interest for their commonality in describing real-world systems and how much more difficult they are to solve compared to linear differential equations. This list presents nonlinear ordinary differential equations that have been named, sorted by area of interest.
In mathematics, the annihilator method is a procedure used to find a particular solution to certain types of non-homogeneous ordinary differential equations (ODEs). [1] It is similar to the method of undetermined coefficients, but instead of guessing the particular solution in the method of undetermined coefficients, the particular solution is determined systematically in this technique.
In mathematics, the method of characteristics is a technique for solving partial differential equations.Typically, it applies to first-order equations, though in general characteristic curves can also be found for hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equation.
Dormand–Prince is the default method in the ode45 solver for MATLAB [4] and GNU Octave [5] and is the default choice for the Simulink's model explorer solver. It is an option in Python's SciPy ODE integration library [6] and in Julia's ODE solvers library. [7] Implementations for the languages Fortran, [8] Java, [9] and C++ [10] are also ...