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The mountain was heavily entrenched with Syrian government forces from the start of the Syrian Civil War, as it was a strategic site in the battle for the outskirts of Damascus. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] A network of tunnels was dug into the mountain by the Syrian Arab Army to serve as a garrison for the Republican Guard and was also used as firing positions ...
The Qalamoun Mountains. The Qalamoun Mountains (Arabic: جبال القلمون, romanized: Jabāl al-Qalamūn) are the northeastern portion of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, and they are northeast of the Syrian capital Damascus. They run from Barada River Valley in the southwest to the city of Hisyah in the northeast. Overview of Saidnaya
The Anti-Lebanon mountains which mark the border between Syria and Lebanon, block precipitation from the Mediterranean sea, so that the region of Damascus is sometimes subject to droughts. However, in ancient times this was mitigated by the Barada River, which originates from mountain streams fed by melting snow.
Damascus was built in a strategic site on a plateau 680 m (2,230 ft) above sea level and about 80 km (50 mi) inland from the Mediterranean, sheltered by the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, supplied with water by the Barada River, and at a crossroads between trade routes: the north–south route connecting Egypt with Asia Minor, and the east–west ...
The Ghouta is an oasis formed by the Barada River, as its waters flow east of Mount Qasioun, and its seven tributaries.It surrounds the city of Damascus.To the east and south of the Ghouta lies the Marj plain, which forms a narrow belt of fields, [2] and south of that lies the Hauran plain.
The approximate boundaries of the Hauran. Though its geographic definition may vary, the Hauran generally consists of the following subregions: the Hauran plain, which forms the heart of the region; [1] the mountains of Jabal Hauran (also known as 'Jabal al-Druze' or 'Jabal al-Arab') east of the plain; and the Lajat volcanic field to the north of Jabal Hauran.
The ruins of basaltic stone structures in the Lajat. Lajat's ancient name "Trachonitis" signifies the land associated with the trachon, "a rugged stony tract."There are two volcanic districts south and east of Damascus, to which the Greeks applied this name: that to the northwest of the mountain of Jabal al-Druze (Jabal Hauran) is called in Arabic, el-Leja, which means "the refuge" or "asylum".
The Shaam region is sometimes defined as the area dominated by Damascus, long an important regional center. [citation needed] Ash-Sām on its own can refer to the city of Damascus. [17] Continuing with the similar contrasting theme, Damascus was the commercial destination and representative of the region in the same way Sanaa held for the south.