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The relative static permittivity of a solvent is a relative measure of its chemical polarity. For example, water is very polar, and has a relative static permittivity of 80.10 at 20 °C while n-hexane is non-polar, and has a relative static permittivity of 1.89 at 20 °C. [26]
The relative permittivity ε r of water decreases so strongly with temperature that the product (ε r ·T) decreases. Therefore, in spite of the (1/ T ) relation, the Bjerrum length λ B increases with temperature, as shown in the graph.
The relative permittivity of a material can be found by a variety of static electrical measurements. The complex permittivity is evaluated over a wide range of frequencies by using different variants of dielectric spectroscopy , covering nearly 21 orders of magnitude from 10 −6 to 10 15 hertz .
Relative permittivities of some materials at room temperature under 1 kHz; ... Water: 87.9, 80.2, 55.5 (0, 20, 100 °C) ... Relative permittivity table.
Relative permittivity = electrostatics (ratio of capacitance of test capacitor with dielectric material versus vacuum) Specific gravity: SG (same as Relative density) Stefan number: Ste = Josef Stefan
Water is a polar molecule, where the centers of positive and negative charge are separated; so molecules will align with an electric field.The extensive hydrogen bonded network in water tends to oppose this alignment, and the degree of alignment is measured by the relative permittivity.
In electromagnetism, the Clausius–Mossotti relation, named for O. F. Mossotti and Rudolf Clausius, expresses the dielectric constant (relative permittivity, ε r) of a material in terms of the atomic polarizability, α, of the material's constituent atoms and/or molecules, or a homogeneous mixture thereof.
English: Static relative permittivity of water at 10 MPa (absolute). Data based on the "ASME Steam Tables. Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Steam". The 1967 IFC formulation for industrial use. 6th Edition, ASME, 1993.