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The aircraft emergency frequency (also known in the USA as Guard) is a frequency used on the aircraft band reserved for emergency communications for aircraft in distress.The frequencies are 121.5 MHz for civilian, also known as International Air Distress (IAD), International Aeronautical Emergency Frequency, [1] or VHF Guard, [1] and 243.0 MHz—the second harmonic of VHF guard—for military ...
121.5 MHz is the civilian aircraft emergency frequency or International Air Distress frequency. It is used by some civilian emergency locator beacons; however, the Cospas-Sarsat system no longer monitors the frequency. 243 MHz for NATO military aircraft emergency frequencies
Civil and military organisation's utilized different frequencies to communicate and no infringement on either sector would take place. For emergencies involving civilian aircraft, the radio frequency used is VHF 121.5 MHz and for military aircraft incidents, the frequency used is UHF 243 MHz.
This band has a designated emergency and guard channel of 243.0 MHz. [2] [8] Radio aeronautical navigation aids use other frequencies. Non-directional beacons (NDB)s operate on low frequency and medium frequency bands 190–415 kHz and 510–535 kHz.
Pan-pan calls may be made on the aircraft emergency frequency, but they are more often made on the frequency already in use, or another appropriate frequency. ICAO Annex 10, Volume V, § 4.1.3.1.1 states "the emergency channel (121.5 MHz) shall be used only for genuine emergency purposes". However, ICAO member states can deviate from this rule.
Transmitting a spoken voice Mayday message by radio over very high frequency channel 16 (156.8 MHz) or medium frequency on 2182 kHz [2] Transmitting a digital distress signal by activating (or pressing) the distress button on a marine radio equipped with Digital Selective Calling (DSC) over VHF channel 70 or over another designated DSC ...