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The Caspian tiger was a Panthera tigris tigris population native to eastern Turkey, northern Iran, Mesopotamia, the Caucasus around the Caspian Sea, Central Asia to northern Afghanistan and the Xinjiang region in western China. [1] Until the Middle Ages, it was also present in southern Russia. [2]
Miyankale is a peninsula that borders the Caspian Sea from the north, the Miyankale wetland from the south, and the Lepoi Marsh of Behshahr from the west. the area of Miyankale is about 68 thousand hectares. The average annual rainfall in this peninsula is 717 mm, and its climatic condition is considered hot humid to moderate. [2]
Closely related to the Caspian tiger is the extant Amur tiger, which has the taxonomic name Panthera tigris altaica. [9] The wisent was present in the Altai mountains until the Middle Ages, perhaps even until the 18th century. Today, there is a small herd in a nursery in the Altai Republic. [10]
The humid semi-subtropical coastal lowlands along the Caspian Sea, including the Lankaran Lowland, lie at the eastern base of the mountains. [3] The Talysh Mountains are covered by lowland and montane forests. The area is part of the Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests ecoregion. [4] The Caspian tiger used to occur in the Talysh Mountains. [5]
Hyrcania (/ h ər ˈ k eɪ n i ə /; Greek: Ὑρκανία Hyrkanía, [1] Old Persian: 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 Varkâna, [2] Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭 Gurgān, Akkadian: Urqananu) [2] is a historical region composed of the land south-east of the Caspian Sea in modern-day Iran and Turkmenistan, bound in the south by the Alborz mountain range and the Kopet Dag in the east.
The Caspian tiger used to occur in the northern region around the Caspian Sea, and in the Trans-Caucasian and Turkestani regions of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, before 1960. The last tiger in Iran was reportedly sighted in Golestan National Park in 1958. [11] [4] [2]
The Caspian tiger was last seen in the Manasi River Basin of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the 1960s, where this population is now extinct. [15] The South China tiger is an endemic population whose habitat is now confined to the mountain regions of Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong and Fujian.
The Caspian tiger used to occur along the upper reaches of Hari-Rud near Herat to the jungles in the lower reaches of the river until the early 1970s. [13] Uncertain is the historical presence of the Asiatic lion in the country, as locality records are not known. [11] It is thought to have been present in southwestern and southern Afghanistan. [14]