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Short title: FINALWIKI1; Software used: Adobe Illustrator CS5: Date and time of digitizing: 06:53, 3 April 2012: File change date and time: 06:53, 3 April 2012
Seismic intensity scales categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) at a given location, such as resulting from an earthquake. They are distinguished from seismic magnitude scales , which measure the magnitude or overall strength of an earthquake, which may, or perhaps may not, cause perceptible shaking.
The results of these studies implied that the rotational components may result in significant damage of structures sensitive to high-frequency excitations, and, hence, their influence should be incorporated in seismic codes. [6] For the first time, new seismic parameters were proposed to estimate the effect of the rotational excitation on the ...
The peak horizontal acceleration (PHA) is the most commonly used type of ground acceleration in engineering applications. It is often used within earthquake engineering (including seismic building codes) and it is commonly plotted on seismic hazard maps. [6]
A seismic hazard is the probability that an earthquake will occur in a given geographic area, within a given window of time, and with ground motion intensity exceeding a given threshold. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] With a hazard thus estimated, risk can be assessed and included in such areas as building codes for standard buildings, designing larger buildings ...
An earthquake's seismic moment can be estimated in various ways, which are the bases of the M wb, M wr, M wc, M ww, M wp, M i, and M wpd scales, all subtypes of the generic M w scale. See Moment magnitude scale § Subtypes for details. Seismic moment is considered the most objective measure of an earthquake's "size" in regard of total energy. [50]
The epicentral distance is different, and the seismic phases are reflected in different patterns on the seismic record map due to the combined effects of the source, the source depth, and the propagation of seismic rays. Therefore, with the different epicentral distances, the determination of seismic parameters will be different.
The 1940 seismic code was developed in response to the 1939 Erzincan earthquake which killed 32,000 people. It drew parallels with Italy's seismic codes at the time. A seismic zonation map was also developed in 1942 which assessed the seismic hazard of all Turkish provinces on three levels; "hazardous", "less hazardous" and "no hazard".